Case Report

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 46-61

Bimaxillary Molar Distalization Using Clear Aligners To Correct Severe Crowding Without Temporary Anchorage Devices

Kun Li1, Peng Sun2, Hui Li2, Deming Yu1

1-Fushan Division, 2-Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Deming Yu,

Associate Professor, Fushan Division, The Affiliated Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.

Email: 15064500100@163.com

Abstract

The use of clear aligners for molar distalization has been a hot topic in recent years. However, cases of bimaxillary molar distalization without temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are rarely reported. Dental crowding, one of the most common malocclusions in the Asian population, was often corrected by tooth extraction strategies in the past. Currently, in the application of molar distalization with clear aligners by orthodontic professionals, it becomes feasible to circumvent the necessity for tooth extraction or TADs in numerous cases that initially present as markedly crowded. A 29-year-old female sought treatment for dental crowding. Subsequent examination revealed that her upper dentition was moderately crowded, while the lower dentition exhibited severe crowding. The patient declined the extraction treatment option and requested clear aligners based on consideration of esthetics during orthodontic treatment. Drawing from the patient's chief complaint and specific requirements, an orthodontic procedure of bimaxillary molar distalization was implemented. Following the completion of clear aligner treatment, the patient achieved well-aligned teeth and a captivating smile, radiating enhanced esthetics. The satisfactory treatment outcomes confirmed the efficacy of clear aligners for molar distalization. With a well-considered anchorage plan, clear aligners can successfully achieve bimaxillary molar distalization without the necessity of TADs.

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Yantai Stomatological Hospital and accepted by the patient. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images.

AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

FUNDING

This study received no external funding.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Concept: Kun Li, Peng Sun, Deming Yu.Design: Deming Yu.

Data acquisition: Kun Li, Hui Li.Data analysis: Kun Li, Hui Li.

Literature search: Kun Li, Peng Sun, Deming Yu.

Manuscript preparation: Kun Li.Manuscript editing and review: Peng Sun, Deming Yu.

The manuscript has been read and approved by all the authors, and each author believes that the manuscript represents honest work. The requirements for authorship as stated in Authorship Criteria have been met.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank all professionals who participated in the management of this case.

How to Cite this Article: Li, K., Sun, P., Li, H., & Yu, D. (2024). Bimaxillary Molar Distalization Using Clear Aligners To Correct Severe Crowding Without Temporary Anchorage Devices: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1134

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 35-45

Comparison of Clinical Efficiency between Super Elastic Nickel Titanium (SE NiTi) and Copper Nickel Titanium (Cu NiTi) Archwires during Alignment Phase of Orthodontic Treatment

Protas John Msungu1, Ferdinand Mabula Machibya2, Matilda Mtaya Mlangwa2

1-MDent Resident, 2-PhD, Senior Lecturer, Orthodontic unit, Department of Orthodontics, Pedodontics and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health, and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Tanzania.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Ferdinand Mabula Machibya,

United Nations Road, Upanga Magharibi, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dares Salaam, Tanzania.

Email: frmachibya@yahoo.com

Mobile:+255764982522

Abstract

Introduction: The transformation of the Metallurgy industry over the years has brought outstanding improvement in Nickel Titanium (NiTi) alloy, resulting into orthodontic NiTi archwires with improved properties, which are routinely employed during the initial phase of orthodontic treatment. Nevertheless, the clinical superiority between the second and third generation of NiTi arch-wires; the Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) archwires respectively has not been studied in the Tanzanian population. Hence, this study aimed to compare the clinical efficiency of Super Elastic NiTi (SE NiTi) and Copper NiTi (Cu NiTi) arch-wires during the alignment phase of orthodontic treatment.

Material and Methods: A total of 82 patients with an irregularity index of >2 mm on the mandibular anterior site were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups, group 1 (0.014-in SE NiTi) and group 2 (0.014-in Cu NiTi). Randomization was accomplished by random number generation via Microsoft Excel, participants were randomly assigned equally into respective groups. The arch-wire types were labeled and placed in sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes for participant allocation. Blinding to group assignment was applied to the participant and during outcome assessment. Data were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 25 with a p-value set at <0.05.

Results: A total of 153 potential participants were evaluated for eligibility. 67 of those were excluded. Therefore 86 patients were randomly allocated to either the study control group (group 1, n=43) or intervention (group 2, n=43). The number of participants analyzed were n=42 in group 1 and n=42 in the control group. The Little's irregularity index significantly decreased over time in both groups (p<0.001), however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two arch-wires types in their efficiency on teeth alignment (p = 0.435) and arch width expansion (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between SE NiTi and Cu NiTi in alignment efficiency and arch width changes. There was no statistically significant inter-canine arch width change in the Cu NiTi group.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

FUNDING

The present study did not receive funding.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors wish to acknowledge and thank Dr Joyce Masalu for her assistance in the research methodology and data analysis.

How to Cite this Article: Msungu, P. J., Machibya, F., & Mlangwa, M. M. (2024). Comparison of Clinical Efficiency between Super Elastic Nickel Titanium (SE NiTi) and Copper Nickel Titanium (Cu NiTi) Archwires during Alignment Phase of Orthodontic Treatment: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1059

Case Report

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 12-34

MH Setup Technique, A Manually Customized Bracket-Setup, applied in Fully-treated Class II molar-relationship case

Hasan Sabah HasanAl-Nuaimi1, Mohamed Elkolaly2

1-Department of Pediatrics Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia2Orthodontic Department, Royal Dental Center, Alexandria-Egypt.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Hasan Sabah Hasan Al-Nuaimi

Department of Pediatrics Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603.

Email: hsh.ortho@yahoo.com

Abstract

The case published in this paper provides a clinical explanation for the importance of MH setup. The casts were cut and teeth were set into wax rims using brackets fit on full engagement archwires. Then another set of brackets was set over the teeth after the necessary adjustments with another full engagement archwires using composite as custom-made bases. The final brackets were transferred to the patient using vacuum-formed indirect transfer trays and the treatment was commenced. The final results were ideal with a total treatment time of one year in an extraction case. The finishing phase was only one month with settling elastics without the need for any brackets modifications despite the class II full unit molar relationship.

DECLARATION OF PATIENT’S CONSENT

The authors declare that they got all the necessary consents from the patient for treatment and publishing.

FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND SPONSORSHIP

Nil.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There are no conflicts of interest

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to thank the patient for the contribution to this paper and for providing the consent for publishing.

FUNDING STATMENT

There has been no funding received for this study.

How to Cite this Article: Al-Nuaimi, H., & Elkolaly, M. (2024). MH Setup Technique, A Manually Customized Bracket-Setup, applied in Fully-treated Class II molar-relationship case: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 12–34. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1082

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 3 | Page : 1-11

Changes in Oral Health-related Quality of Life before and after Orthognathic Surgery and Predictors of Outcome

Shoroog Hassan Agou1

1-Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Shoroog Hassan Agou

BDS, MScCH (HPTE), MEd(c), PhD, Associate Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Al Ehtifalat St, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.

Email: sagou@kau.edu.sa

PhoneNo:+(966)557505450

Abstract

Aim: There is good evidence that orthognathic surgery improves quality of life (QoL), but it is uncertain whether QoL outcomes differ for patients with different dentofacial deformities. The aim of this study was to (i) assess changes in QoL before and after orthognathic surgery; (ii) compare QoL between deformity classes; and (iii) establish predictors of QoL

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observations study of adult patients seeking orthognathic treatment. Patients were classified into class II or class III dentofacial deformities. The paired t-test was used to compare Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) scores before and after surgery, and multivariable linear regression was used to identify predictors of post-operative OQLQ score. 

Results: Of the 50 participants, 36 (72%) were female, and the average age was 29.9 ± 4.2 years. Overall and domain OQLQ scores were significantly lower after surgery (p < 0.0001). The mean change in QoL score was significantly greater for class II patients (p = 0.003). Age and baseline OQLQ score were significantly associated with post-operative OQLQ score.

Conclusions: This study confirms that orthognathic surgery has a very positive impact on QoL. The finding that age and baseline QoL predict subsequent QoL outcomes paves the way for targeted interventions in specific patients.

SOURCES OF FUNDING

Nil.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Theauthordeclaresthattherearenoconflicts of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The author would like to thank the interns who helped collecting data for this study; namely: AbdurahmanIdrees, Moayad Alhowaidar, Ayman Sinnawi, Abdulla Joharji, Maisa Marghalani, and Lujain Mirdad. Sincere appreciation is also extended to Prof.Fahad Al-Sulaimani for his great support during this project.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

SHA conceived and conducted the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper.

How to Cite this Article: Agou, S. H. (2024). Changes in Oral Health-related Quality of Life before and after Orthognathic Surgery and Predictors of Outcome: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i3.1038

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 2 | Page : 37-47

Comparison Of Prescription Accuracy Of Commercially Available Molar Tubes Using A Custom Made Device - An Invitro Study

Swati Singh1, Arya S Prasad1

1-Post Graduate, 2-Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, 600077, India.

Address for Correspondence:

DrArya S Prasad Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai

Email:aryasprasad7@gmail.com

Phone No:+919003142666

Abstract

Objective : The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the accuracy of torque prescription in the buccal tubes of three commercially available molar bands using Play and Torque Measuring device and to quantify the amount of torsional play present in them.

Materials and Methods: A total of thirty preformed bands with 0.022 slot and McLaughlin-Bennett-Trevisi prescription were selected equally from three different brands for this cross-sectional in-vitro analytical study. The torsional play and torque of the molar bands were measured using the PTM device. The play and torque values obtained using the PTM device were used to calculate the play and torque using a formula. The play and torque values were measured for all the three groups. The mean values of play and torque obtained between three groups were measured using  One-way ANOVA.

Results: All three groups had variations in the torque and play that were above the standard torque and play values. There was a statistically significant difference in the play and torque values between all the groups  evaluated.

Conclusions : Orthodontists should be aware of the inherent manufacturing defects in the bands as this can prevent the achievement of ideal treatment results. This simple method can help us in determining the torque and play of the molar bands giving us better control over treatment mechanics.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No external source offending was as the study was self-funded.

How to Cite this Article: Singh, S., & Arya S Prasad. (2024). Comparison Of Prescription Accuracy Of Commercially Available Molar Tubes Using A Custom Made Device - An Invitro Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i2.1076

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 2 | Page : 26-36

Correlation Of ANB Angle, Wit’s Appraisal, Beta Angle, Yen Angle And W-Angle In Patients With Class I Skeletal Pattern In Different Growth Patterns

Ajins C.B1, A. Jebilla Pringle2,S.D.Milling Tania3, S. Veerasankar4, Mary Sheloni Missier2, I. Bevin Shaga4

1-Post Graduate, 2-Senior Lecturer, 3-Professor and Head of Department, 4-Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Ajins C.B. Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru

Email:drajinscb@gmail.com

Phone No:+918940046008

Abstract

Background: Sagittal jaw discrepancies are a critical determinant in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, necessitating an accurate assessment. This study aims to investigate the predictive efficacy of various sagittal parameters (ANB angle, Wits appraisal, Beta angle, Yen angle, and W angle) in diagnosing skeletal Class I malocclusion across diverse growth patterns.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 60 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class I malocclusion. Sagittal skeletal parameters (ANB angle, Beta angle, Yen angle, W angle, and Wits appraisal) were evaluated across three distinct growth patterns (vertical, horizontal, and average). Mean and standard deviation were calculated for each parameter within each growth pattern. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey's HSD test was employed for pairwise comparisons between groups. The inter-relationship between cephalometric parameters and growth patterns was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results: A total of 60 participants (30 males and 30 females) with a mean age of 18.60 ± 4.17 years were included in the study. Highly statistically significant differences were noted for Beta and Yen angle (p ≤ 0.001), whereas statistically significant differences were noted for ANB angle. The correlation test revealed a possible association between assessed parameters in the overall sample.

Conclusion: Angular and linear parameters revealed some degree of correlation in skeletal class I malocclusion patients irrespective of their growth pattern. However, the reliability of individual parameters in accurately classifying the skeletal discrepancies among different malocclusion states should be further investigated.

COMPETING INTERESTS

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this study.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

This research received no external funding.

How to Cite this Article: Ajins C B, A. Jebilla Pringle, S.D. Milling Tania, S. Veerasankar, Mary Sheloni Missier, & I. Bevin Shaga. (2024). Correlation Of ANB Angle, Wit’s Appraisal, Beta Angle, Yen Angle And W-Angle In Patients With Class I Skeletal Pattern In Different Growth Patterns: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(2), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i2.1064

Review Article

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 2 | Page : 13-25

Self Assembling Peptide P11-4 for management of white spot lesions in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment

Nazleen Valerie Vas1, Ravindra Kumar Jain2

1-Postgraduate Student, 2-Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr Ravindra Kumar Jain Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-600077, TamilNadu, India.

Email id:ravindrakumar@saveetha.com

Phone No:+919884729660

Abstract

White Spot Lesions (WSLs) are early signs of enamel demineralization, often occurring during orthodontic treatment due to hindered oral hygiene maintenance. Traditional treatment methods include resin infiltration or remineralization using fluoride-based agents. However, self-assembling peptides (SAPs), such as Curodont ™ Repair (P11-4), have emerged as potential alternatives for WSL management. This review comprehensively examines the chemistry, mode of action, clinical safety, and efficacy of SAP P11-4 in remineralizing enamel lesions. It synthesizes findings from studies investigating SAP P11-4's remineralizing potential using various assessment methods, including pH cycling models, laser fluorescence, digital subtraction radiography, and confocal microscopy. SAP P11-4, with its ability to mimic the enamel matrix and promote hydroxyapatite nucleation, demonstrates promising outcomes in reducing WSL size and progression. Clinical studies report significant improvements in lesion remineralization with SAP P11-4 treatment, often surpassing the efficacy of fluoride-based interventions. Moreover, SAP P11-4 shows compatibility with bonding procedures and potential for reducing dentin hypersensitivity. They offer a promising alternative or adjunct to traditional fluoride-based treatments for WSL management, providing clinicians with a valuable tool in promoting enamel health and preventing caries progression. Further research is warranted to explore long-term outcomes and optimize treatment protocols for maximum efficacy.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

No conflict of interest among the authors of this study.

SOURCES OF FUNDING

Nil

How to cite this article: Vas, N. V., & Jain, R. K. (2024). Self Assembling Peptide P11-4 for management of white spot lesions in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment: Review Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(2), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i2.1031

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 2 | Page : 01-12

Quality of Life (QoL) changes after orthognathic surgery: Do they correlate with the quantum of hard and soft tissue change?

Salma H. Ghoneim1, Nouf K. Alahmadi2,Doaa H. Alsaggaf1, Fahad F. Alsulaimani3, Reem A. Alansari4,Samar M. Adel5, Shoroog H. Agou4

1-Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, 2-Master’s Student, 3-Professor and Head, 4-Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 5-Lecturer, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt.

Address for Correspondence:
Dr.Salma H Ghoneim, Assistant Professor and Consultant of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Email:shghoneim@kau.edu.sa

Phone No:+966536568333

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the relationship between post orthognathic surgery changes in soft and hard tissue cephalometric variables in Class II and Class III patients and quality of life (QoL) measured using a condition-specific QoL questionnaire and to determine cephalometric predictors of the overall OQLQ after surgery.

Methods: The sample included 50 orthodontic patients, 28 Class II and 22 Class III skeletal relationships whose treatment included orthognathic surgery. Correlations between cephalometric changes and Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) were tested by Pearson’s correlation. Multiple linear regression was used to determine cephalometric predictors of the overall OQLQ after surgery.

Results: In Class II patients, OQLQ before surgery and changes in SNA were significant predictors for OQLQ after surgery. For Class III patients, OQLQ after surgery was significantly correlated with the change in mandibular plane angle and lower face height (r = 0.6 and r = 0.5 respectively). The decrease in facial angle was negatively correlated with OQLQ (r = -0.4). Mandibular plane angle, mandibular length, and OQLQ before surgery were significant predictors for OQLQ after surgery. 

Conclusion: QoL improved for Class II and III after orthognathic surgery. Changes in certain cephalometric measurements seem to predict quality of life after orthognathic surgery.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No funding was received for the study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

FHow to Cite this Article: Ghoneim, S., Alahmadi, N., Alsaggaf, D., Alsulaimani, F., Alansari, R., Adel, S., & Agou, S. (2024). Quality of Life (QoL) changes after orthognathic surgery: Do they correlate with the quantum of hard and soft tissue change? Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i2.1012

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 1 | Page : 51-63

Airway Analysis in Different Malocclusions - A Cephalometric Study

R.Hellweg Sheraffin1, Mary Sheloni Missier2, S.D.Milling Tania3, I.Bevin Shaga4, S.Veerasankar4, A.Jebilla Pringle2

1-Post Graduate, 2-Senior Lecturer, 3-Professor and Head of Department, 4-Reader, Department of Orthodontics,Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Kavalkinaru

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. R. Hellweg Sheraffin, Post Graduate, Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College And Hospital, Kavalkinaru.

Email:jinsheraffin@gmail.com

Phone No:7598114843

Abstract

Background: It was essential to evaluate respiratory function when diagnosing and planning orthodontic treatment. Based on the correlation between pharyngeal airway space and craniofacial structure, airway width was hypothesized to be an indicator of airway patency in different groups of skeletal malocclusion.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate age and gender related changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions in different sagittal skeletal relationships

Materials and Method: Sixty lateral cephalograms of patients aged 10-30 years with no pharyngeal pathology or nasal obstruction were retrospectively selected and categorized into skeletal Class I (n = 20), Class II (n = 20), and Class III (n = 20) malocclusion based on ANB angle. McNamara's airway analysis was used to quantify upper- and lower-airway dimensions. The analyses of intergroup differences were performed using a one-way ANOVA, an independent t-test, and Tukey's test as a post-hoc test.

Results: Participants in the study ranged in age from 20.57 ± 5.41 years (males) and 20.03 ± 4.58 years (females) were included in the study. The upper pharyngeal airway (UPA) dimensions demonstrated a positive correlation with age. In both genders, the mean upper pharyngeal airway (UPA) size exceeded the lower pharyngeal airway (LPA) size, but neither age nor gender was associated with statistically significant differences in skeletal malocclusion.

Conclusion: It was shown that skeletal malocclusions of different types have no effect on the upper and lower pharyngeal airways and that the upper and lower pharyngeal airways are not influenced by age or gender.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

Nil

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to Cite this Article: R.Hellweg Sheraffin, Mary Sheloni Missier, S.D.Milling Tania, I.Bevin Shaga, S.Veerasankar, & A. Jebilla Pringle. (2024). Airway Analysis in Different Malocclusions - A Cephalometric Study : Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i1.1011

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 1 | Page : 39-50

Impact of irregular appointment interval on Orthodontic treatment amid COVID-19 Pandemic- A Cross sectional Observational Study.

Meera Madgavkar1, Harsh Ashok Mishra2, Raj Kumar Maurya3, Hitesh Ramdas Sawant4, Alok Ranjan4, Parag Gangurde5

1-Intern, 2-Associate Professor, 4-AssistantProfessor, 5-Professor & Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Bharati Vidyapeeth (DU) University, Pune, 3-Associate Professor, Government Field Hospital, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Harsh Ashok Mishra, Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Bharati Vidyapeeth (DU) University, Pune.

Email: dr.mishraharsh@gmail.com

Phone No: 8451840579

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic situation has affected all professions including orthodontics. The present study proposed determination of impact of irregular appointments on Orthodontic treatment amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional observational study design enrolled 134 patients over period of 2 weeks were recorded such as treatment start date, total number of appointments scheduled and frequency of missed appointments after 24 March 2020, Stage of Orthodontic treatment on or before 24 March 2020 i.e., Alignment & levelling b) Space closure c) Finishing and Detailing d) Retention.

Results: The distribution of malocclusion based on Angle Molar criteria showed prevalence of 53.73 % Class I, 37.32 % Class II and 8.95% Class III. The malocclusions were treated predominantly by extraction in 57.46 % and non-extraction in 42.44 % patients. The total treatment duration revealed that more than 51 % patients’ treatment lasted beyond 24 months but finished before 36 months. Similarly, 35.82 % patients’ treatment duration was less than 12 months. It was found that more than 47 % were in Stage I, 28.36 % were in stage II, 18.66 % in stage III and lastly 5.97 % were in stage IV.

Conclusion: Orthodontic emergencies and un-schedule appointments had prevalence of Class I, followed by Class II and Class III with extraction treatment therapy. Majority patients treated with fixed mechanotherapy followed by Clear aligners and Retainers. More than half of the patients had increased treatment duration due to irregular follow up.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

STS 2022 reference ID: 2022-07984

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to Cite this Article: Madgaonkar, M. M., Mishra, D. H., Maurya, D. R. K., Sawant, D. H., Ranjan, D. A., & Gangurde, D. P. (2024). Impact of irregular appointment interval on Orthodontic treatment amid COVID-19 Pandemic- A Cross-sectional Observational Study.: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i1.973.

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 1 | Page : 29-38

The Relationship Between Cervical Headgear Treatment And Maxillary Third Molar Space: A Retrospective Controlled Study

Salma H Ghoneim, Aseel M Alsolami, Samer Saad Alshamrani, Afnan A Nassar, Reem A Alansari, Amal I Linjawi, Khalid H Zawawi

1-BDS. MSc, Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, 2-BDS, Dental Interns, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 3-BDS. MPH. Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Public Health Division, Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, 4-BDS, Ph.D., Associate Professor, 5-BDS, MSc, Ph.D., Professor, 6-BDS, DSc, Professor, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Address for Correspondence:

Dr.Salma H Ghoneim, Assistant Professor and Consultant of Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Email:shghoneim@kau.edu.sa

PhoneNo:+966536568333

Abstract

Introduction: The effect of headgear on the space available for the eruption of upper third molars needed further investigation. Only a few studies looked at the after-treatment effect of headgear on that space, and none have evaluated the long-term effect after the average age of third molar eruption. Therefore, this retrospective study evaluated the short and long-term effects of cervical headgear on the space and eruption of the maxillary third molars and their long-term eruption status.

Materials and Methods: Records of Class II cases treated with cervical headgear were collected at the following time points: (T1) before treatment, (T2) after treatment, and (T3) taken at least 4 years after T2. An untreated control sample was collected from the Bolton-Brush study records. They were matched for age at each time point and malocclusion. Lateral cephalograms were used to measure the distance from the distal surface of the maxillary first molar (U6) to the pterygoid vertical plane (PTV). The third molar status at T3 was categorized into five groups: impacted, extracted, erupted, congenitally missing, and formation stage. Thirty-three cases were included in the cervical headgear group and 19 in the control group.

Results: The position of U6 changed significantly between the headgear and control group at T2 but was similar at T3. In the headgear group, the U6 was significantly distalized (3.3 ±2.9 mm) between T1 and T2 (P=0.006), however, there was a significant relapse of 5.9 (±4.6) mm between T2 and T3 (P<0.001). In the control group, the distance between U6 and PTV increased significantly from T1 to T2 (4.8 ±4.4mm) with minimal change from T2 to T3 (1.5 ±4.8mm). There was no significant relationship between headgear use and third molar status (p=0.108).

Conclusion: Headgear caused a temporary decrease in the U6-PTV distance that was recovered later. This decrease was not observed in the control group. Using cervical headgear to correct Class II malocclusion does not increase the risk of upper third molar impaction.

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No funding was received for the study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to Cite this Article: Ghoneim, S., Alsolami, A., Alshamrani, S., Nassar, A., Alansari, R., Linjawi, A., & Zawawi, K. (2024). The Relationship Between Cervical Headgear Treatment And Maxillary Third Molar Space: A Retrospective Controlled Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(1), 29–38.

Original Research

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 1 | Page : 16-28

Perception of Dental Caries Risk and Prevention among Orthodontic Patients – A Cross-Sectional Survey

Doaa H. Alsaggaf 1, Salha R. Aljohani 2

1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Address for Correspondence: Doaa H.Alsaggaf, BDS, DScD, ABO King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Alsulemaneya, POBox80209, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

Tel: +966506357194

Email: dalsaggaf@kau.edu.sa

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the perception of dental caries risk and prevention among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to assess the influence of the oral hygiene information attained during orthodontic visits on patients’ perception of dental caries prevention.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire gathered information from 207 orthodontic patients (aged 18 and older). The questionnaire included questions about patients’ demographics, perception of dental caries risk and prevention during orthodontic treatment, and oral hygiene information received in orthodontic visits. Frequency distributions of responses were evaluated. Chi-square test was used to assess the differences in patients’ perception of dental caries prevention by demographics, and the oral hygiene information received during orthodontic appointments.

Results: 74.9% of orthodontic patients perceived to be responsible for dental caries during orthodontic treatment, and 30.4% of patients perceived that it is abnormal to develop dental caries during treatment. Patients receiving information about tooth brushing methods and oral hygiene accessories during orthodontic appointments had a better perception of appropriate oral hygiene in preventing dental caries (P= 0.01 and P= 0.04, respectively). Moreover, patients receiving dietary information during orthodontic appointments had a better perception of supporting a good diet and avoiding sweets in preventing dental caries (P< 0.001 and P= 0.02, respectively).

Conclusion: There is a need to improve orthodontic patients’ perception of their risk of dental caries during orthodontic treatment and the manners that would help to avoid new decay lesions. Orthodontists should not underestimate the value of providing and reinforcing oral hygiene instructions throughout the course of orthodontic treatment. 

SOURCE OF FUNDING

No funding was received for the study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

How to Cite this Article: Alsaggaf, D. H., & Aljohani, S. R. (2024). Perception of Dental Caries Risk and Prevention among Orthodontic Patients – A Cross-Sectional Survey: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i1.960

Review Article

Year : 2024 | Volume : 15 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1-15

Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy

MuruganThamaraiselvan 1,SerabHusain 2

1-Professor, Department of Periodontics & Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 2-Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, MAHER, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Murugan Thamaraiselvan MDS, PhD

Professor, Department of Periodontics & Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Email id: Thamaraiselvanperiodontics@gmail.com

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy in fixed orthodontic patients with gingival disease might be beneficial, being non-invasive and having accessibility to difficulty to reach areas like, interdental region with the presence of wires and brackets. This systematic review was designed to analyze the available evidence on the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling in reduction of gingival inflammation in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar along with hand search in relevant journals. Five studies satisfied the criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis of the systematic review. The results of the primary outcome showed adjunctive aPDT did not result in any difference in reduction of gingival inflammation (BOP) compared to scaling alone in fixed orthodontic patients. Only one study showed a significant reduction of gingival inflammation with aPDT, whereas it was better in the scaling group (one study) or no significant difference (3 study) in the other studies. However, aPDT resulted in significant reduction of most of the bacterial species count and proinflammatory cytokine levels in GCF compared to scaling alone. Within the limitations of this systematic review, there is no clear evidence that aPDT adjunctive to scaling has a better effect in reducing gingival inflammation in fixed orthodontic patients. Future studies addressing this area should focus on well planned standardized, long term RCTs that will aid clinicians in making a more evidence - based decision.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

FUNDING

No funding was obtained for the present study.

How to cite this article: Murugan, T., & Serab Husain. (2024). Efficacy of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an adjunct periodontal intervention in periodontally diseased subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy : Review Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v15i1.957

Case Report

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 4 | Page : 58-61

Uprighting A Horizontally Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Using Modified Bach’s Technique

Anand Marya 1, Arofi Kurniawan 2, Mieke Sylvia Margaretha 2, Annissa Chusida 2, Haryono Utomo 3

1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2 Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 3Graduate ForensicStudies, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Anand Marya

Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh-12211, Cambodia.

Email Id: amarya@puthisastra.edu.kh

ABSTRACT

There are a number of techniques with which such horizontal impactions can be treated, with no single technique being favored over the other, as these all have pros and cons. Horizontally impacted third molars are usually indicated for extraction, and only in situations where the first or the second molar has to be extracted due to decay is when these are uprighted for replacement of the missing teeth. In contrast to vertically impacted molars, there is a higher chance of success in uprighting horizontally impacted third molars as the cause is lack of space or blockage of the eruptive pathway.

Keywords: Orthodontics, Aligning archwires, Adult orthodontics, Limited outcome Orthodontics, Short term orthodontics

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

FUNDING

No funding was obtained for the present study.

How to Cite this Article: Marya, A., Kurniawan, A., Margaretha, M. S., Chusida, A., & Utomo, H. (2024). Uprighting A Horizontally Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Using Modified Bach’s Technique: Case Report. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(4), 58–61. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i4.936

Review Article

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 4 | Page : 19-32

Role of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement- A Systematic Review

Sandra Sagar 1, Pratibha Ramani 2, Monal Yuwanati 3, Sagar Moses 4, Karthikeyan Ramalingam 5

1Senior Lecturer, 2Professor and Head, 3Professor and Head, 5 Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, TamilNadu, India, 4Consultant Orthodontist, Sagars Dental Clinic and Orthodontic Centre, Nagercoil, TamilNadu, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Karthikeyan Ramalingam

Professor and Head, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Phone: +91 8290996783

Email: karthikeyanr.sdc@saveetha.com

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, the active form of vitamin D3 is known to play an important role in mineralization. Vitamin D3 is also known to have immune-supporting properties by regulating various cytokines and cell signalling pathways.

AIM:

To review the role of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) on the rate of Orthodontic tooth movement.

METHODS:

This study applied a systematic review to analyse the current literature to define and summarise the role of I,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the rate of Orthodontic tooth movement. A comprehensive search was done using electronic databases such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Google Scholar, EMBASE and direct web search. The title scan was done to identify relevant articles which are further evaluated for inclusion by reading the abstract.

RESULTS:

The electronic database search identified 28 articles. 3 articles were selected based on the selection criteria to meet the research question. There was about 60% faster rate of orthodontic tooth movement when a dosage of 40-50 pg/dl of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was supplemented. Administration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol showed no deleterious effects to the tooth roots or the surrounding tissues as evidenced from the periapical radiographs and CBCT.

CONCLUSION:

Based on the collected data, the local administration of an active form of Vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol can act as an effective supplement to accelerate Orthodontic Tooth  Movement (OTM).

FUNDING

No sources of funding.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

None declared.

How to cite this article: Sagar, S., Ramani, P., Yuwanati, M., Moses, S., & Ramalingam, K. (2024). Role of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement- A Systematic Review: Review Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(4), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i4.877

Original Research

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 4 | Page : 8-18

Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effects Of Orthodontic Band Cement Incorporated With Zirconia, Gold, Copper Biosynthesized Nanoparticles- An In-Vitro Study

Shahul Hameed Faizee 1 , Pavithra.M 2 , Palivela.M2 , Hemamalini.D3

1 Professor and Head, 2 House Surgeon, 3 Assistant Professor, Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Shahul Hameed Faizee

Professor and Head, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospitals. Phone: +91 9840728786

Email: sfaizee@hotmail.com

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of orthodontic band cement incorporated with various biosynthesized nanoparticles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Zirconia, gold, copper Nanoparticles were green synthesized using white tea extract and dry ginger which are incorporated into orthodontic band cement, characterized using FTIR analysis. Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus was tested in vitro by disc diffusion and Time Kill Curve Assay.

RESULTS:

Zirconia nanoparticles incorporated GIC exhibited better antimicrobial activity against streptococcus mutans, and gold nanoparticles incorporated GIC against lactobacillus acidophilus at varying concentrations at different time period.

CONCLUSION:

The antibacterial effect against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus were distinctly noted in Zirconia nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles followed by copper nanoparticles. Zirconia and gold nanoparticles produced more efficient antibacterial property and eventually would be effective in curtailing White Spot Lesions.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

There is nothing to declare.

SOURCE OF FUNDING:

Nil

How to Cite this article: Faizee, S. H., M, P., Manvitha, P., & D, H. (2024). Evaluation Of Antimicrobial Effects Of Orthodontic Band Cement Incorporated With Zirconia, Gold, Copper Biosynthesized Nanoparticles- An In-Vitro Study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(4), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i4.910

Original Article

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 4 | Page : 1-7

Evaluation of upper and lower components of nasolabial angle in different malocclusions- A cephalometric study

V. Sowmya Reddy1 , V D Mahendra Tivanani 2 , MaliReddy Mounika3 , K. S. V. K. Kalyan4 , C. V. Padmapriya5 , V. Sai Keerthi6 1Post Graduate Student, 2,3,4,6Assistant professor, 5Professor and Head of Department, Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India.

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. V D Mahendra Tivanani

Assistant Professor, Dept of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India.

Phone: +91 8074236310

Email: dr.mahendramds@gmail.com

Introduction: 

Nasolabial angle is composed of two components: a) upper and b) lower component. Various foreign authors have developed different methods for evaluating this but consistent and reproducible methods for Indian population are few. Therefore, this should be placed within acceptable limits by planning treatment procedures accordingly to get the best aesthetic profile result and patient satisfaction.

Aim of the study:

To evaluate upper and lower components of nasolabial angle in different malocclusions in Bhopal population.

Material and methods:

It is a retrospective study, of sample size 150 that comprised of 60 profile pictures of individuals who belonged to Bhopal, out of which 30 were selected as aesthetically pleasing. Their lateral cephalograms were taken and traced. The study also used 120 lateral cephalograms of different malocclusions. The recorded data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA Test.

Result:

Significant results with p value<0.001 were found for the nasolabial angle among ideal group, Class I bimaxillary protrusion, Class II Division 1 and Class II Division 2, Class I crowding.

Conclusion:

Nasolabial angle is correlated with the type of malocclusion and the soft tissue variables also alter this angle.

Keywords:

Nasolabial Angle, Upper Component, Lower Component, Malocclusion.

Source Of Funding:

Nil

Conflict Of Interest:

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

How to cite this article: Shwetneel Singh, Seema Lahoti, Maitreye Priyadarshini, Siddharth Singh, & Sneha Hanna Mathew. (2023). Evaluation of upper and lower components of nasolabial angle in different malocclusions- A cephalometric study: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i4.843

Original Research

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 3 | Page : 40-55

MicroRNA regulators of candidate genes involved in Class II skeletal malocclusion - A data mining approach.

Ashwin Mathew George 1, Anitha P2, Sumathi Felicita A3, Vijayashree Priyadarshini J4, Prasanna Arvind T.R.5 2, 4 Professor, Clinical Genetics Lab, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University. 1,3 Professor, 5 Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University.

Address for Correspondence:

Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadarshini,

Professor, Clinical Genetics Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS University

Email id: vijayashreej.sdc@saveetha.com

Abstract

Background:

Epigenetic regulators play a vital role in determining a complex phenotype. The Skeletal Class II malocclusion is one such phenotype, which is a polygenic, complex disorder. The identification of epigenetic regulators would aid in understanding the complex relationship between the epigenetic marks and the phenotype. Also, these epigenetic marks can be considered for developing diagnostic leads upon validation for a specific disorder.

Materials and methods:

The present study follows an observational study design, which was performed using computational tools. The preliminary data about the genes associated with the Skeletal class II malocclusion was derived from DisGeNet, followed by the identification of the protein-protein interaction networks. The microRNA targets were then identified using miRDB and the unique microRNA population common to all five genes was further curated using the Venn plot.

Results:

The DisGeNet database provided information on the genes that were associated with skeletal Class II malocclusion. The five genes identified were ACTN3, GH1, HDAC4, HMGA2 and KAT6B. One microRNA, hsa-miR-892c-5p was unique to ACTN3, HDAC4, and HMGA2. The hsa-miR-3925-5p and hsa-miR-590-3p were found to be common to the genes ACTN3, HDAC4, and GH1 + HMGA2 respectively.

Discussion:

The identification of microRNAs targeting candidate genes could aid in defining the role of these microRNAs in establishing the phenotype. The future scope of this study lies in curating microRNAs that are common to class II malocclusion-related candidate genes. This panel of differentially expressed microRNAs can further be developed as an early diagnostic marker, for identifying the skeletal abnormality that they would be possibly associated with.

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Funding

No funding was received for the study.

How to Cite this article: George, A. M., Anitha P, A, S. F., Vijayashree Priyadarshini J, & Prasanna Arvind T.R. (2023). MicroRNA regulators of candidate genes involved in Class II skeletal malocclusion - A data mining approach.: Original Research. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(3), 40–55. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i3.904

Original Article

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 3 | Page : 20-29

Knowledge and Awareness of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) among Post-graduate residents

Namita.N1 , C.V.Padma Priya2, Praveen Kumar Varma.D3, Anoosha Manda4, Pradeep.K5, V.Sai Keerthi 6

1Post Graduate, 2Professor and Head, 3Professor,4,5Reader, 6Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Anoosha.M

Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram.

Email: anoosham@vdc.edu.in

MobNo:7674926249

Abstract :

INTRODUCTION:

Malocclusion and TMD were believed to have a correlation when it is associated that the alteration of form might cause alteration in the stomatognathic system function. A multidisciplinary approach is particularly important for the successful treatment of chronic TMD cases. Management of TMD involves the work of dentists from various specialities. It is multifactorial in nature and requires proper examination and treatment planning. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to find out the awareness of TMDs among postgraduate students.

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY:

The present study was retrospective in nature. A questionnaire involving TMDs was sent to all postgraduates involved in patient treatment through google forms. All participants were asked to anonymously answer the structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice and open-text questions in google forms. The questionnaire was specially developed for students and was organized into three sections.

RESULTS:

204 participants responded and returned the completed questionnaires. Results showed that 98 % of the respondent’s occlusal disturbance causes TMD and TMJ problems are associated with malocclusion. The majority of the participants were aware of the aetiology and diagnosis but only 53% of them were aware of the treatment protocols.

CONCLUSION:

The causes and diagnosis domains of the questionnaire yielded a high degree of agreement while the treatment modalities were not known. Most of them were not aware of the treatment modalities reason being a lack of knowledge during the course of their undergraduate and postgraduate study.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

FUNDING

Not applicable

How to Cite this article: Nadukuru, N., C V, P., Varma D, P. K., Manda, A., K, P., & V Sai Keerthi. (2023). Knowledge and Awareness of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) among Post-graduate residents: Original Article. International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation, 14(3), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i3.806

Original Article

Year : 2023 | Volume : 14 | Issue : 3 | Page : 11-19

Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cucurbita Maxima Leaf Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Orthodontic Patients

Ravindra Kumar Jain1 , Mathew Thomas Maliael2 , Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh3

1Professor, 2Post Graduate, Department of Orthodontics, 3Professor, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai – 77

Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Ravindra Kumar Jain

Professor and Head Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Saveetha Dental College and Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai – 77.

Mail: ravindrakumar@saveetha.com

Abstract

Aim

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and anti-biofilm activity of Cucurbita Maxima leaf extract on Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental plaque of subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Methodology

Dental plaque samples were collected from out patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. From the plaque samples Biochemical Characterisation of Streptococcus mutans then Collection of Medicinal Plants was done followed by Preparation of Solvent Extract and stock Solution. Evaluation of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the plant extract and Biofilm Inhibition Assay with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum Analysis (GCMS) was carried out.

Results

The MIC was identified to be 1.25mg/ml. The biofilm inhibition assay showed that the extract did not inhibit the formation of the biofilm. The GCMS analysis identified twenty-five constituent compounds from the crude extract. 

Conclusion 

The C. maxima leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans and the minimum inhibitory concentration was identified at 1.25mg/ml. The extract did not inhibit the formation of biofilm.

Keywords: Antibacterial, Biofilm, Extract, Leaf, Plant.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

FUNDING

No funding was obtained for this study

How to cite this article: Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cucurbita Maxima Leaf Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans Isolated from Orthodontic Patients. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2023; 14 (3) 11 -19. Doi: 10.56501/intjorthodrehabil.v14i3.763.