Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 1 | Page : 9-15
Evaluation of tongue pressure on the loop of transpalatal arch with acrylic button during deglutition in hyperdivergent patients
Mohammad Rashid Khan, Tripti Tikku, Rohit Khanna, Sneh Lata Verma, Rana Pratap Maurya, Kamna Srivastava
Department of Orthodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Sneh Lata Verma
Department of Orthodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract:
Introduction:
To evaluate and compare the tongue pressure exerted on the acrylic button of variable size (10 mm and 14 mm) attached to the loop of trans palatal arch (TPA), placed at two different vertical heights (4 mm and 6 mm) from palatal mucosa during deglutition in hyperdivergent patients.
Materials and Methods:
Tongue pressure was measured in 20 hyperdivergent patients (9 males and 11 females; age range 16–19 years with mean age 18.2 years) using FSR (Force sensing resistor) pressure sensors attached to acrylic button of TPA. Readings were obtained on amplifier attached to another end of sensor. In each patient, the tongue pressure was measured at two different vertical heights of TPA (4 mm and 6 mm) from palatal mucosa. At each vertical height diameter of acrylic button was also varied (10 mm and 14 mm). Hence, a total of 4 variables for each patient were evaluated. Measurements were divided into two groups – Group I (acrylic button of 10 mm size) and Group II (acrylic button of 14 mm size). Groups were further divided into subgroups (A and B) – Group IA (acrylic button of 10 mm size at 4 mm height), Group IB (acrylic button of 10 mm size at 6 mm height), Group IIA (acrylic button of 14 mm size at 4 mm height), and Group IIB (acrylic button of 14 mm size at 6 mm height). Unpaired Student's t-test was used for adequate intra- and inter-group comparisons.
Results:
The mean tongue pressures for Group IIB was maximum (2.11 ± 0.228 N/cm2) > Group IB (1.81 ± 0.169 N/cm2) > Group IIA (1.57 ± 0.167 N/cm2) > Group IA (1.30 ± 0.109 N/cm2) and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001) for all the intergroup comparisions.
Conclusion:
The tongue pressure measured on acrylic button of TPA in our study was in the range of 247–400 g (1.30–2.11 N/cm2), which can be used to intrude molars in hyperdivergent individuals, thereby achieving counter-clockwise rotation of mandible.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_48_19
How To Cite This Article:
Khan MR, Tikku T, Khanna R, Verma SL, Maurya RP, Srivastava K. Evaluation of tongue pressure on the loop of transpalatal arch with acrylic button during deglutition in hyperdivergent patients. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:9-15.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1-8
Comparative evaluation of perioral soft tissue of skeletal normal Class I and Class II Division 1 subjects: A lateral cephalometric study
Jeevan M Khatri, Nikita Babasaheb Sanap
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, CSMSS Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Nikita Babasaheb Sanap
CSMSS Dental College, Staff Quarter, Flat No. 6, Kanchanwadi, Aurangabad - 431002, Maharashtra
India
Abstract:
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate and compare shape variability of soft-tissue outline of skeletal Class II Division 1 patients with various vertical patterns (low, moderate, and high SN-MP angles) and skeletal normal Class I occlusion patients and to evaluate correlative skeletal and dental variables affecting soft-tissue thickness using cephalometric analysis.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients were selected with Class I normal occlusion and Class II Division 1 and divided into four groups based on horizontal and vertical skeletal pattern (SN-MP angles) on lateral cephalograms as Group I (normal occlusion), Group II-L (low angle <27°), Group II-N (normal angle 27°–36°), and Group II-H (high angle ≥ 37°). The correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine skeletal and dental variables influencing soft tissue characteristics.
Results:
The skeletal Class II patients with a high mandibular plane angle had significantly greater values than the skeletal Class II patients with a low mandibular plane angle for basic lower lip thickness and lower lip length. The measurements in perioral soft-tissue thickness were correlated with an inclination of the upper and lower incisors along with facial depth and facial length in skeletal Class II Division 1 patients.
Conclusion:
Lip strain, lip thickness, and dental inclination must be evaluated based on various skeletal patterns for balanced perioral muscle activity.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_43_19
How to cite this article: Khatri JM, Sanap NB. Comparative evaluation of perioral soft tissue of skeletal normal Class I and Class II Division 1 subjects: A lateral cephalometric study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:1-8.
Case Report
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 88-92
K-Sir arch for simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth-A case report
Sankalp Agnani1, Kamal Bajaj2
1 Department of Orthodontics, Pacific Dental College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2 Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Sankalp Agnani
413, Adarsh Nagar, Jaipur - 302 004, Rajasthan
India
Abstract
This case report shows the management of Angle's Class II division 1 Malocclusion with tooth size-arch length discrepancy of − 10 mm in maxillary arch and mandibular arches, proclined upper and lower anteriors, and crowding in relation to lower anteriors. Clinical evaluation revealed Class II dental and skeletal pattern, low mandibular plane angle, incompetent lips, increased overjet and overbite. Simultaneous intrusion and retraction of upper anterior teeth using Kalra Simultaneous Intrusion and Retraction arch was decided due unaesthetic excessive maxillary incisor showing at rest and to provide maximum space for the retraction of anterior teeth. Posttreatment changes were good and stable.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_5_20
How to cite this article: Agnani S, Bajaj K. K-Sir arch for simultaneous intrusion and retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth-A case report. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:88-92.
Case Report
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 82-87
Correction of morphological and positional asymmetry in early mixed dentition with functional unilateral crossbite
K Preethi, BK Rajkumar, S Nagalakshmi, KR Rameshkumar
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. K Preethi
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Vivekanandha Dental College and Hospital for Women, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Unilateral posterior crossbite with functional mandibular shift occurs as a sequelae of constricted maxillary arch, which is usually seen in children between 3 and 12 years of age. Early treatment of this condition helps prevent facial asymmetry, proper functioning of temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscle, and proper development of dentition. Functional unilateral posterior crossbite correction using fan-shaped expander can provide differential expansion. Fan-shaped expander was used in a patient with constricted maxilla having functional unilateral posterior crossbite with asymmetric condylar position and led to the development of favorable differential expansion and correction of asymmetry.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_40_19
How to cite this article: Preethi K, Rajkumar BK, Nagalakshmi S, Rameshkumar KR. Correction of morphological and positional asymmetry in early mixed dentition with functional unilateral crossbite. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:82-7.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 76-81
Assessment of facial asymmetry in individuals having skeletal Class II malocclusion in Uttar Pradesh population: A cephalometric study
Sonal, Shally Mahajan, Ragni Tandon, Aftab Azam, Pratik Chandra, Ashish Chauhan
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Sonal
Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Objective:
The objective was to assess facial asymmetry in individuals having skeletal Class II malocclusion in Uttar Pradesh population.
Materials and Methods:
A total of sixty individuals (thirty males and thirty females) between 18 and 27 years of age were selected. The pretreatment lateral cephalograms of the samples selected (n = 60) for the study were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II, after which posteroanterior cephalograms were taken for the measurement of asymmetry. All the cephalometric parameters were defined as quantitative variables. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for each measurement was calculated. The results were presented in frequencies, percentages for qualitative data, and mean ± SD for quantitative data. Paired t-test was used to test the significance (P = 0.05 or less) in the difference between the right and left sides of the face. Chi-squared test was used to check the significance of difference in proportions. All the analyses were carried out on MS-Excel and SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago, Inc., Illinois, USA).
Results:
In Group II, the parameters for mandibular morphology and volumetric comparison and the mean of all parameters taken were statistically insignificant, but the mean for condylion-antegonial notch was greater for the right side, and the difference between the left and right sides was statistically significant (P = 0.019). When comparing the cephalometric parameters between the left and right sides in Group I and Group II, none of the mean values were proved to be statistically significant, but the right side parameters revealed to be greater than the left side of the measured parameters.
Conclusion:
All participants showed mild skeletal asymmetry on posteroanterior cephalograms, which was not statistically significant. In Group II, the relative mean of condylar asymmetry was statistically significant, which proves the presence of some amount of condylar asymmetry in this group. The other cephalometric parameters measured in our study showed that the value of the same was greater for the right side than the left side.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_1_20
How to cite this article: Sonal, Mahajan S, Tandon R, Azam A, Chandra P, Chauhan A. Assessment of facial asymmetry in individuals having skeletal Class II malocclusion in Uttar Pradesh population: A cephalometric study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:76-81.
original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 69-75
Assessment of correlation between dermatoglyphics of individuals with different skeletal growth
Harmeet Kaur, Tripti Tikku, Rohit Khanna, Rana Pratap Maurya, Snehlata Verma, Kamna Srivastava, Anshul Srivastava
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Harmeet Kaur
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract
Introduction:
Dermatoglyphics refers to the study of the intricate dermal ridge configuration on the skin covering the palmar and planter surfaces of the hands and feet. Dermal ridges are usually established by the 24th week of intrauterine life, which remains constant throughout the life. The development of dentition and palate occurs during the same period and also genetically determined as dermatoglyphics. Hence, it can be assumed that hereditary and environmental factors leading to malocclusion may also influence normal fingerprint pattern. Thus, it was decided to assess the correlation between dermatoglyphics patterns and growth patterns in individuals with Skeletal Class I and Skeletal Class II malocclusion.
Materials and Methods:
Ninety individuals aged between 18 and 28 years were divided into Skeletal Class I (Group I n = 45) and Skeletal Class II (Group II n = 45) based on Tweed's and Steiner's analysis. Both the groups were further subdivided according to their growth pattern and named as A, B, and C, respectively, for horizontal, average, and vertical. Fingerprints of both hands were taken by the ink and stamp method. The patterns of Arches, Loops, and Whorls in fingerprints were assessed. The data collected were then statistically evaluated using the Chi-square test.
Observations:
In Skeletal Class I subjects, there was increased frequency of occurrence of whorl-pattern in thumb, plain-arches in little, index, and ring finger, and ulnar-loops in middle finger, whereas in Skeletal Class II subjects, radial-loops were more in number in ring and index finger, plain-arches in little finger, ulnar-loops in the middle finger, and whorl-pattern in the thumb same as Skeletal Class I.
Conclusion:
No significant correlation was observed between dermatoglyphics and various growth patterns. However, further studies must be conducted on large sample size to validate the findings
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/2349-5243.289249
How to cite this article: Kaur H, Tikku T, Khanna R, Maurya RP, Verma S, Srivastava K, et al. Assessment of correlation between dermatoglyphics of individuals with different skeletal growth. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:69-75.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 65-68
Comparison of reproducibility of cephalometric measurements derived from handheld (smartphone) device application versus manual cephalometric tracing
Sarvraj Singh Kohli, Virinder Singh Kohli
Jabalpur Hospital and Research Centre, Russell Square, Napier Town, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Sarvraj Singh Kohli
HIG 13, JDA Colony, Katanga, Jabalpur - 482 001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the reproducibility of cephalometric measurements derived from an application designed for handheld (smartphone) devices and manual cephalometry.
Materials and Methods:
Thirty pretreatment lateral cephalograms obtained from the same digital cephalostat were analyzed. Tracings were done using CephNinja for iPhone (Cyncronus) and manually by the hand on acetate sheets. Cephalometric landmarks and angular and linear measurements were recorded. All tracings were performed by the same investigator.
Statistical Analysis:
To evaluate reproducibility, for each cephalometric measurement, the agreement between the value derived from CephNinja, and that measured manually was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Agreement was rated as low for an ICC <0.75 and an ICC >0.75 was considered indicative of good agreement. Furthermore, differences in measurements between those derived from CephNinja application and manual tracing were statistically evaluated (P < 0.05).
Results:
All the measurements had ICC >0.75, indicating high agreement among both the tracing methods. Differences in measurements between CephNinja and hand tracing were not statistically significant for any of the cephalometric parameters.
Conclusion(s):
Handheld (smartphone)-assisted cephalometric analysis shows good agreement with manual tracing and can be employed for clinical decision-making.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_8_20
How to cite this article: Kohli SS, Kohli VS. Comparison of reproducibility of cephalometric measurements derived from handheld (smartphone) device application versus manual cephalometric tracing. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:65-8.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 60-64
Evaluation and co-relation of lower anterior facial height and soft-tissue characteristics in between genders in North Indian population: A cephalometric study
Aftab Azam, Zeyaullah Khan, Ragni Tandon, Pratik Chandra, Ashish Chauhan
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Aftab Azam
Saraswati Dental College, Tiwaryganj, Lucknow - 227 105, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to establish lateral cephalometric soft-tissue norms for the adolescent North Indian population.
Materials and Methods:
Three hundred and thirty-three Indian adults of age group 18–30 years were selected. The standardized lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken for each subject. Fourteen linear measurements were recorded on each lateral cephalometric radiograph. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 26). Group differences were analyzed with independent t-test.
Results:
The results of the study showed significant gender dimorphism, with men having thicker soft tissue structures, larger vertical dimensions, than women.
Conclusion:
Significant gender dimorphism was evident within the local population suggesting the necessity for a separate set of norms for males and females. Distinct ethnic differences were found between Caucasians and the North Indian population that were statistically significant, highlighting the importance of defining separate set of norms for ethnic groups.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_2_20
How to cite this article: Azam A, Khan Z, Tandon R, Chandra P, Chauhan A. Evaluation and co-relation of lower anterior facial height and soft-tissue characteristics in between genders in North Indian population: A cephalometric study. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:60-4.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 54-59
Length of the styloid process associated with different skeletal patterns in Turkish Adolescents
Turkan Sezen Erhamza1, Ali Can Bulut2
1 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
2 Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Turkan Sezen Erhamza
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
Aim:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the length of the styloid process (SP) in different skeletal patterns and stages of skeletal maturation.
Materials and Methods:
Radiographs involving SP (n = 158; 77 female and 81 male, age with a mean value of 12.84 ± 1.94 years) were evaluated retrospectively. Class I group included 52 subjects (0 ≤ ANB ≤4), Class II group included 57 subjects (ANB>4), and Class III group included 49 subjects (ANB <0). The length of the SP was measured in Photoshop CS5 software (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Skeletal maturation stages were determined by the evaluation of hand-wrist radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The data were analyzed using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA.
Results:
Statistically significant difference in the length of the SP was found between Class I and Class II group (P ≤≤≤05). The mean length of the SP was 30.68 ± 9.69 mm in Class I group and 34.63 ± 5.87 mm in Class II group. No statistically significant difference was found in between skeletal maturation stages of the groups neither in the bilateral length of the SP between genders.
Conclusion:
The risk of Eagle syndrome in skeletal Class II malocclusion might be higher. In addition, when a patient is referred with pain in the temporomandibular area with skeletal Class II anomaly, SP elongation should be considered besides the joint problems.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_4_20
How to cite this article: Erhamza TS, Bulut AC. Length of the styloid process associated with different skeletal patterns in Turkish Adolescents. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:54-9.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 2 | Page : 47-53
Bilateral maxillary canine impaction with comparable migration track: Prevalence, sociodemographics and radiographic observations
Bandar Alyami1, Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah2
1 Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, 2 Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Specialty Regional Dental Center, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Bandar Alyami
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, P. O. Box: 1988, Najran, Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
Introduction:
Canines are perceived as cornerstones of the dental arch and plays an essential role in maintaining the facial coordination. When impacted, these functions are lost. We present the prevalence and radiographic presentation of distinctive bilateral maxillary canine.
Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of patients presenting for routine dental treatment between 2018 and 2020 at a dental center, Najran. A total of 2016 panoramic radiographs were screened and all patients with bilateral impacted canines were further screened radiologically using cone beam computed tomography. Data such demographics and presence of bilateral maxillary impacted canines were identified. Data analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for IOS Version 25 (Armonk, NY, USA: IBM Corp).
Results:
A total of 2016 panoramic radiographs were examined out of which 149 cases were the total impacted canines. Of these, 42 cases were bilateral impacted maxillary canines in comparable migration tract with a prevalence rate of 28.2%. There were 18 males and 24 females with an M: F of 1:1.3. Age ranged from 15 to 75 years with mean age ± standard deviation (27.9 ± 10.6) years. We observed the bilateral impacted canine positions were in relation to the central and lateral incisors in the anterio-posterior plane and the cervical and root portions of the roots of the central and lateral incisors in the inferior-superior plane. We attempted to group them into 3 main types (Types 1-3) with 3 subtypes (Subtypes a-c) each.
Limitations:
This a hospital based study and findings may not be generalized. Population based study is which is required to find out the prevalent rate in the community.
Conclusion:
These observed positions can be used to predict the favorability or otherwise of orthodontic traction of the impacted bilateral canines.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_24_20
How to cite this article: Alyami B, Braimah RO. Bilateral maxillary canine impaction with comparable migration track: Prevalence, sociodemographics and radiographic observations. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:47-53.
Case Report
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 145-149
Dental midline correction using a cantilever spring: A novel approach
Tanmay Mittal, Harpreet Singh, Pranav Kapoor, Poonam Sharma
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Delhi, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Tanmay Mittal
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Sector 15, Rohini, Delhi - 110 085, India.
Abstract:
A 13-year-old patient presented with Angle's Class II subdivision right malocclusion with anterior crowding, protruded lower incisors, and a lower arch that was skewed to the left. A morphological lower midline shift of 3 mm to the left was detected. Following extraction of the upper and lower first premolars, full-arch 0.022” MBT™ appliances were placed in both arches. A 0.018” × 0.025” stainless steel archwire was split into two posterior segments and an anterior segment from the right lateral incisor to the left canine including an open vertical helical loop extending apically toward the center of resistance of the consolidated anterior segment. Subsequently, a 0.017” × 0.025” titanium–molybdenum alloy cantilever spring from the right first molar auxiliary tube was bent buccally and connected to the loop with an elastomeric chain to achieve lower midline correction by translation. Midline correction with the use of segmented-wire technique and cantilever spring provides an effective method of incisor movement by translation with minimal side effects.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_23_20
How to cite this article: Mittal T, Singh H, Kapoor P, Sharma P. Dental midline correction using a cantilever spring: A novel approach. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:145-9.
Review Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 136-144
An update on orthodontic brackets – A review
Jeevan M Khatri, Swapnil Suresh Sawant, Nakul Rajendra Naidu, Snehal Sharad Vispute, Krutika Ajay Patankar
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha's Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Swapnil Suresh Sawant
Flat No. 6, A Wing, 2nd Floor, Sunetra Chs, Pandit Dindayal Road, Near Samrat Chowk, Vishnu Nagar, Dombivli (West), Thane - 421 202, Maharashtra, India
Abstract:
Orthodontics is been at great service to mankind. Orthodontics is a field that has been around since the early 18th century. Modern day orthodontists have generations of predecessors to learn their techniques. Technology used in orthodontic treatment continues to progress at an incredible pace. New discoveries and inventions have allowed orthodontists to bring better experiences to their patients with less of the hassle. If we want to continue providing fast, efficient, and effective treatment to our patients, we need to make sure that we stay up-to-date with changes in the field. Orthodontic brackets have evolved from Angle's era to the MBT brackets followed by lingual brackets. These brackets have made the life of the orthodontists much easier. As technology advances many more new materials and designs will be coming forward. The purpose of this article is to review the recent advancements in orthodontic brackets and how the science behind them helps the orthodontist in the day-to-day practice.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_13_20
How to cite this article: Khatri JM, Sawant SS, Naidu NR, Vispute SS, Patankar KA. An update on orthodontic brackets – A review. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:136-44.
Review Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 123-135
Influence of chronic congenital systemic disorder effects in orthodontic treatment
I Girish Kumar, N Raghunath, H Jyothikiran, S Ravi, S Pradeep
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Mysore, Karnataka, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. I Girish Kumar
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, (Deemed to be University), Bannimantap, SS Nagar, Mysore - 570 015, Karnataka, India
Abstract
The orthodontic treatment of patients with medical disorders is becoming an increasing aspect of modern‐day practice. Orthodontic treatment is no longer reserved for only healthy patients. With better management of serious medical problems, increased quality of life expectations, and greater ambulation, medically compromised individuals are now regular visitors to orthodontic practices. While orthodontic treatment has been historically considered to be completely noninvasive, specific orthodontic procedures may place some patients at risk for serious sequelae. Among the most common of these conditions are those associated with cardiovascular disease, bleeding disorder, respiratory disorder, neurological disorder, renal disease, musculoskeletal system, endocrine disorder, liver disease, allergies, and drug side effects. Aggressive risk assessment is the key factor in the identification and prevention of medically associated problems. Assessment and management of patients at risk for endocarditis, bleeding, and asthmatic attacks are discussed. The orthodontic treatment of patients with medical disorders is becoming an increasing aspect of modern‐day practice. The influences of various systemic diseases on orthodontic treatment have been discussed and various recommendations to overcome the potential problems have been highlighted in this article.
Keywords: Bleeding disorder, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorder, orthodontic treatment
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_22_20
How to cite this article: Kumar IG, Raghunath N, Jyothikiran H, Ravi S, Pradeep S. Influence of chronic congenital systemic disorder effects in orthodontic treatment. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:123-35.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 118-122
Patients' perception on mini-screws used for orthodontic treatment in Class II Malocclusion
Pawankumar Dnyandeo Tekale1, Sameer Madhukarrao Parhad1, Girish C Rathi1, Kapil K Fafat1, Rakesh Nathani1, Arun R Mhaske2, Dipak Baliram Patil3, Harshal Patil4
1 Department of Orthodontics, Dr. Rajesh Ramdasji Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola, Maharashtra, India, 2 Department of Orthodontics, DY Patil Dental School, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 3 Department of Dentistry, BKL Walawalkar, Rural Medical College and Hospital, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India, 4 Private Practice, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Dipak Baliram Patil
Assistant Professor, Department of Dentistry, BKL Walawalkar, Rural Medical College and Hospital, Chiplun, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
Introduction:
The aim of the present study was to clinically evaluate the perception of pain of mini-screws in the maxillary arch for anchorage control for retraction of maxillary anterior segment in conjunction with orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of fifty adult patients with a mean age of 24.5 years, with Class II malocclusion, and the patients were divided into two groups. In Group A, 0.022” McLaughlin, Bennett, and Trevisi Bracket System (MBT) was used in 25 patients as fixed orthodontic treatment and 0.016” nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire was placed for initial alignment, whereas in Group B, a total of fifty mini-screws were placed in 25 patients, one mini-screw on each side in the maxilla between the 2nd premolar and the 1st molar. The patients answered a questionnaire to assess their opinions on treatment.
Results:
The data of description of pain experienced in 24 h, 2nd day, and 7th day in Group A and Group B are enumerated. In Group A, the pain experienced in 24 h, 2nd day, and 7th day was 49.72 (36.22), 37.17 (35.32), and 17.34 (14.45) and in Group B, it was 24.72 (15.65), 13.32 (14.34), and 12.45 (11.60), respectively. The questionnaire set was completed for functional aspect evaluation. The descriptive data of visual analog scale were presented. During this study, patient had difficulty in eating, food sticking around implant, and interference during tooth brushing was moderate, but there was no any anaesthetic appearance and disturbance in chewing ability was noted.
Statistical Analysis:
The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were performed to evaluate the differences between the groups for pain. The Chi-square test was used to determine differences between the procedures. Differences at P < 0.01 were considered statistically significant. Statistical software, namely, SAS 9.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), and Systat 11.0 (Systat Software Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), were used for the analysis of data.
Conclusion:
The present study stated that the pain experience after mini-screw insertion is significantly low. The peak of the pain and discomfort level was recorded 4 h to 24 h following the insertion. Thus, mini-screws were found to be an acceptable option in providing orthodontic treatment
Source of Support:
None,
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_18_20
How to cite this article: Tekale PD, Parhad SM, Rathi GC, Fafat KK, Nathani R, Mhaske AR, et al. Patients' perception on mini-screws used for orthodontic treatment in Class II Malocclusion. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:118-22.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 112-117
Change in the examination pattern in 1st year MDS- boon or bane: A Survey
Shivani Khandelwal, Shweta Kolhe, Amol Verulkar, Twinkle Bajaj, Niyati Potode, Poorwa Pakhale
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, VYWS, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Shivani Khandelwal
House No. 1, Rachana Apartment, Camp Road, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
Introduction:
Pursuant to the notification published by Dental Council of India, dated May 17, 2018, no. DE-14-MDS-2018/2131, the committee amended the regulation on postgraduated MDS student and made provision of giving MDS – paper I (basic science paper) at the end of 1st year. Assessment of this survey will provide clear information regarding the response of postgraduate students and teachers. The aim of this article is to report and discuss the characteristics of new-learning processes.
Materials and Methods:
A total of 400 sample sizes were included, i.e., 300 postgraduate students and 100 postgraduate teachers. Questions were generated using Google form to gain access an establish rapport with participants and to obtain open, honest understanding of the participants “learning experience.” The link was sent to the participants using E-mails or Whatsapp number.
Results:
Analysis of survey data was done using the Likert scale. Comparison of responses was done using the Chi-square test. [Graph 1], [Graph 2], [Graph 3], [Graph 4], [Graph 5], [Graph 6], [Graph 7], [Graph 8], [Graph 9], [Graph 10] provide responses of participants.
Conclusion:
Postgraduate students and PG teachers are neutral toward the initial protocol of examination. Participants have positive attitude toward new framework. However, curriculum activity such as library dissertation, dissertation selection, and patient work get disturbed somewhere. It might take time for both students and guide to get familiar with new.
Source of Support:
None,
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_14_20
How to cite this article: Khandelwal S, Kolhe S, Verulkar A, Bajaj T, Potode N, Pakhale P. Change in the examination pattern in 1st year MDS- boon or bane: A Survey. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:112-7.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 106-111
Comparison of bonding characteristics of a newly introduced light cure adhesive system with conventional adhesive system
Anju Mary Philip, S Babukuttan Pillai, G Sreejith Kumar
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Anju Mary Philip
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
Abstract:
Background and Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of newly introduced light cure adhesive system (eXact, TP Orthodontics) with respect to conventionally used adhesive system (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) by comparing their shear bond strengths and Adhesive Remnant Index after subjecting to thermocycling.
Methods:
Thirty human maxillary first premolars were divided into two groups. Group I (Experimental Group) was bonded with adhesive system eXact and Group II (Control Group) with Transbond XT. After thermocycling, shear bond strengths and adhesive remnants index were compared using SPSS Software. Independent-t test was used to compare the shear bond strength values and Chi-Square Test to compare ARI scores.
Results:
The mean shear bond strength of the Group I and Group II were 9.60±1.41 MPa and 11.65± 2.07 MPa respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the two Groups (P < 0.05). The mean and (±SD) of ARI Scores of Group I and Group II were 2.80 ± 0.414 and 1.93 ± 0.594, respectively, which was statistically significant. The mean ARI score difference of the two adhesives were also statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
The SBS of conventional light cure composite resin (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) is comparatively higher than the new light-cure composite resin (eXact, TP Orthodontics); but eXact have SBS higher than the clinically acceptable values. ARI score value is higher for eXact as compared to Transbond XT.
Source of Support:
None,
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_11_20
How to cite this article: Philip AM, Pillai SB, Kumar GS. Comparison of bonding characteristics of a newly introduced light cure adhesive system with conventional adhesive system. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:106-11.
Original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 101-105
Evaluation of awareness and knowledge of orthodontic extraction pattern in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment among the patient's guardian, general dentist, and oral surgeons: A survey in Central India
Twinkle D Bajaj, Poorwa B Pakhale, Amol A Verulkar, Ratnadip A Lohakpure, Niyati B Potode, Shivani S Khandelwal
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, VYWS, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Poorwa B Pakhale
Near Camp D-Mart, Suyog Colony, Shirish Apartment, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
Introduction:
Extractions in orthodontics remain a relatively controversial concept still today. The present study was conducted to elucidate and evaluate the awareness and knowledge among the patient's guardian, oral surgeons, and general dentists on orthodontic extraction pattern being followed in the central parts of India.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among the patient's guardian, oral surgeons, and general dentists in central parts of India through an e-survey using Google Forms. The sample size was 500 and e-mails were sent to 850 members through Google Form. Questionnaire was distributed and responses were evaluated. The online recorded information was converted into codes and analyzed. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and expressed in the form of frequency and percentages.
Results:
Most of the responses by patient's guardian, dentist, and oral surgeon are for extracting teeth simultaneously on the same side per jaw and follow it accordingly, and also important finding of responses is for extracting teeth after starting orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion:
It was observed that most of the general dentists and oral surgeons agree with the cordial concept of extracting teeth simultaneously on the same side per jaw and follow it accordingly. It was observed to be comfortable for the patients in extracting teeth in two appointments as per the pain bearing capacity and convenience.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_12_20
How to cite this article: Bajaj TD, Pakhale PB, Verulkar AA, Lohakpure RA, Potode NB, Khandelwal SS. Evaluation of awareness and knowledge of orthodontic extraction pattern in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment among the patient's guardian, general dentist, and oral surgeons: A survey in Central India. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:101-5.
original Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 3 | Page : 93-100
Cephalometric comparison of treatment effects of Twin block and Bionator appliance with an untreated Class II sample
Santosh Jetu Chavan, Wasundhara Ashok Bhad, Niyati Sunil Mehta
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical Square, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Santosh Jetu Chavan
101, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Medical Square, Nagpur - 440 003, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
Objective:
Skeletal class II malocclusion is commonly seen in the Indian clinical scenario among the growing population. In the background of newer functional appliances in recent times, Twin block and Bionator still remain widely used in clinical practice. Thus, a prospective clinical trial was designed to study various skeletal and dental effects of these appliances, as well as changes that occur in the control population.
Materials and Methods:
A sample size of 30 growing individuals with an age range of 9–14 years, showing class II division 1 malocclusion were selected. They were divided into three groups of 10 patients each, of which 10 were controls and 10 patients each for twin block and bionator groups. The average treatment duration was 6 months. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after the treatment with functional appliances, and selected parameters were compared.
Results:
There were considerable skeletal and dental changes brought about by both the appliances when compared with controls, however, there were no significant differences in changes brought about by both the appliances when compared with each other.
Conclusion:
Both Twin block and Bionator appliances can be effectively used for the correction of skeletal class II malocclusion in growing individuals.
Source of Support:
None
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_19_20
How to cite this article: Chavan SJ, Bhad WA, Mehta NS. Cephalometric comparison of treatment effects of Twin block and Bionator appliance with an untreated Class II sample. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:93-100.
Clinical Innovation
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 4 | Page : 199-202
A Novel appliance for the correction of scissor bite
Tarulatha Revanappa Shyagali, Akashdeep Singh Bal
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Tarulatha Revanappa Shyagali
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Abstract:
The transverse discrepancies of the occlusion are the common problems that are encountered in routine orthodontic practice. The most cited dental transverse discrepancies are the crossbite and scissor bite. Scissor bite is one of the toughest malocclusion to correct, and the appliances available for the effective correction are limited. one of the cause for scissor bite can be the expanded maxillary arch. The current manuscript demonstrates the effective correction of the expanded maxillary arch using the new TAS appliance. TAS appliance is an acronym for the authors (T-Tarulatha, A-Akashdeep, and S-Shyagali). The appliance construction is based on the sound biomechanical principles as well. The force was applied from the lingual side, and the applied force was nearer to the center of resistance of all the posterior teeth. Thus, the appliance produced less tipping of the molars. Unlike earlier mechanics used for the correction of scissor bite, the current appliance is not dependent on patient compliance, does not require archwire modification or the invasive procedure such as placement of mini implants or surgical intervention. The novel design of TAS appliance can help the clinician to correct the stubborn transverse discrepancy in an effective manner.
Source of Support:
None,
Conflict of Interest:
None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_30_20
How to cite this article: Shyagali TR, Bal AS. A Novel appliance for the correction of scissor bite. Int J Orthod Rehabil 2020;11:199-202.
Review Article
Year : 2020 | Volume : 11 | Issue : 4 | Page : 193-198
Ligation ties in orthodontics
Jeevan M Khatri, Snehal Sharad Vispute, Vijaymala D Kolhe, Swapnil Suresh Sawant, Ravisha Sanju Salve
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sanstha Dental College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Snehal Sharad Vispute
Shree Building, Plot No. 8, Survey No. 179/1, Behind Hotel Nandadeep, Harsul “T” Point, Aurangabad - 431 001, Maharashtra
India
Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_15_20
During fixed orthodontic treatment, ligation method refers to the means by which an archwire is held inside the bracket. It can also be used to move the tooth in a particular direction depending on the type of ligature used and its method of ligation. Ligation can be done using stainless steel ligatures or elastomeric modules, or more recently, ligation methods have been designed and built directly into the bracket. Metal or elastic ligatures are used for this purpose, and the way they are tied affects tooth movement. Because of their design, twin brackets can be tied in a large variety of ways. Knowing how to use all the bracket's resources makes for better and faster treatment results. Elastic ligature may be a substitute for the wire ligatures in most situations. In various treatment mechanics, ligation ties are modified to accomplish variable tooth movement or to maintain arch form integrity during finishing of an orthodontic case. This article will highlight different ligation methods used in different bracket systems and their indications as well.