Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 97- 99

Minimally Invasive Dentistry – A Review

Shilpa Ajai, K. Mahalakshmi1

Dental Practitioner, Modern Dentistry Dental Clinic, Chetpet, 1

Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Shilpa Ajai,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: shilpaajai1208@gmail.com

Abstract

Minimal intervention dentistry initiates from the traditional surgical approach to the elimination of caries lesions seen as radiolucencies in the inner half of the enamel, at the dentin‐enamel junction, and slightly into dentin, with the removal of the minimal amount of healthy tooth structure. Dental adhesives and restorative materials, changes in remineralization, caries process, and prevalence have revolutionized the caries management from G. V. Black’s “extension for prevention” to “minimally invasive.”

Keywords: Caries diagnosis, minimally invasive dentistry, remineralization

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Ajai S, Mahalakshmi K. Minimally invasive dentistry – A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:97-9.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 94 - 96

Biomagnification of Diseases: The Exposome Concept

Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan, Arumugam Paramasivam

Clinical Genetics Lab, Cellular and Molecular Biology Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences,

Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Vijayashree Priyadharsini Jayaseelan,

Clinical Genetics Lab, Cellular and Molecular Biology Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai ‐ 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: vijayashreej.sdc@saveetha.com

Abstract

The human race has gone through levels of destruction and extinctions happening for millions of years. Yet, the species tend to survive the most catastrophic situations presented before them. People have made their way into existence surpassing the mishaps simply quoted as “natural disasters.” However in recent times, humankind experiences a lot of annihilation due to “man‐made” factors that impose deleterious effects on health and the economy. Exposome refers to all the factors related to exposure which can influence the state of health or well being of an individual. Hence, exposome is a collective term that includes factors exposed by an individual, even before birth as a fetus and include sources from the environment, lifestyle, and occupation. The authors have made an attempt to address the consequences of exposome on human health and disease, relating it to the present pandemic situation. More studies pertaining to the gene‐environment interaction in different populations would provide insight into the development of diseases and evolutionary mechanisms conferring susceptibility or resistance to complex disease phenotypes.

Keywords: Exposure, phenotype, evolutionary mechanism

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Jayaseelan VP, Paramasivam A. Biomagnification of diseases: The exposome concept. Int J Community

Dent 2021;9:94-6.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 87 - 93

Variants of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Emphasis on Histopathological Features, Biomarkers

Prasanna Sekhar, L. S. Makesh Raj1

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 1

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Prasanna Sekhar,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Seema Dental College and Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

E‐mail: dr.prasanna1oralpath@gmail.com

Abstract

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm exhibiting squamous differentiation as characterized by the formation of keratin and/or the presence of intercellular bridges. The epidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity which also certain histopathological variations. The present review article focuses on histopathological variations seen in SCC along with brief emphasis on the biomarkers and prognostic factors which help in accurate diagnosis of SCC.

Keywords: Biomarkers, epidermoid carcinoma, histopathological variants, oral squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma variants

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Sekhar P, Raj LS. Variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma with emphasis on histopathological features, biomarkers. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:87-93.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 82 - 86

Recent Trends in Forensic Odontology: An Overview

Soundarya Prabhakar

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Soundarya Prabhakar,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: surasoundaryaprabhakar@gmail.com

Abstract

Every human being has unique identity in life. Forensic odontology is an emerging branch of science which has a greatest scope of development. The most challenging feature of forensic dentistry includes the identification of dental remains, recovery, and analysis of evidence which match with the suspects. An objective comparison using recent technology would strengthen the validity of evidence in forensic dentistry. It has been established as an irreplaceable science in medicolegal matters and in the recognition of the deceased individuals. The forensic odontologist makes use of the knowledge of dentistry in bite mark analysis, fixation of identity in mass disaster, age determination, domestic violence, and child abuse cases. Therefore, the duty and responsibility of forensic odontologist have enhanced in recent times in various medicolegal cases. This article provides an overview of the trends that are evolving in recent times which are used in the field of forensic odontology.

Keywords: Child abuse, domestic violence, forensic dentistry, mass disaster, medicolegal cases ̧ bite mark analysis, recent advances

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Prabhakar S. Recent trends in forensic odontology: An overview. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:82-6.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 8 | Issue : 2 | Page : 79 - 81

Therapeutic Application of Fluoride Varnish

M. Indumathy, Hamrith Hari

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. M. Indumathy,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: indupandiyan1995@gmail.com

Abstract

Fluoride is the safest, economical, and effective tool for the prevention of dental caries. Food and Drug Administration has listed fluoride as an essential nutrient for human health. The World Health Organization (WHO) expert committee has included fluoride in its list of 14 trace elements that are essential for normal growth and development. Approximately half the population of the USA is consuming optimally fluoridated water since 1980 and countries like the UK, New Zealand, and Australia are protected by water fluoridation. In India, the preventive measures are not so effective and the caries incidence is still on the rise. The average DMFT in India by the age of 15 years is about 3. This high incidence could also be attributed to a low dentist–population ratio of 1:80,000 in India. According to WHO, the DMFT of 2 by the age of 15 should cause alarm. The answer for this health problem is prevention. Although many measures are available, the best option is to use systemic and topical fluorides. Approximately 5% of the population lives in endemic fluoride areas and 3% lives in optimal fluoride areas. About 85%–90% of the population lives in fluoride deficient areas and preventive measures should be directed toward this segment of the population. The use of fluoride in communal water supply and dentifrices does not interfere with normal oral hygiene measures. Fluorides in dentifrices had led to the decrease in the incidence of dental caries in the US, UK and Scandinavia.

Keywords: Dental caries, fluoride varnish, remineralization

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Indumathy M, Hari H. Therapeutic application of fluoride varnish. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:79-81.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 77-78

Critical Review on Root Canal Irrigants Used in Dentistry

S. Sasidharan, P. Rahmath Meeral1

Sivam Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, Chennai, 1

Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. S. Sasidharan, Sivam Dental and Maxillofacial Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: sdmhoralcare@gmail.com

Abstract

The purpose of the endodontic treatment is to eliminating the entire pulp including both vital and necrotic tissues along with the microorganisms and its byproducts from root canal system, with the help of chemical and mechanical aids. The present article summarizes a brief note on endodontic irrigant solutions and also its negative impact which should also be considered to lead a discovery of better endodontic treatment systems.

Keywords: Endodontic, irrigant, negative impact

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Sasidharan S, Meeral PR. Critical review on root canal irrigants used in dentistry. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:77-8.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 74 - 76

Nanoparticles in Dentistry - An Updated Review

Hariprasath Nagarajan, P. Sasikumar Karuppanan

JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Hariprasath Nagarajan,

JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drharithedentist@gmail.com

Abstract

Nanoparticles having a size from 1 nm to 100 nm are present in nature and are successfully used in many products of daily life. In dental materials, nanoparticles are typically embedded but they may also exist as by‐products from milling processes. Possible adverse effects of nanoparticles have gained increased interest, with the lungs being the main target organ. Exposure to nanoparticles in the dental laboratory is addressed by legal regulations. In dental practice, nanoparticles are mainly produced by intra‐oral grinding/polishing and removal of materials, by wear of restorations or release from dental implants. Based on worst‐case mass‐based calculations, the additional risk as a result of exposure to nanoparticles is considered to be low. However, more research is needed, especially on vulnerable groups (patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). An assessment of risks for the environment is not possible because of lack of data. Exposure‐reduction measures mainly include avoidance of abrasive processes (e.g., by proper sculpturing), cooling by the use of water spray, and sufficient ventilation of treatment areas.

Keywords: Dentistry, nanomedicine, nanotechnology

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nagarajan H, Karuppanan PS. Nanoparticles in dentistry - An updated review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:74-6.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 70 - 73

Xerostomia Diagnosis and Management

Hariprasath Nagarajan, Thanigaivel Gunasekaran

JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Erode, Smile Care Dental and Orthodontic Center, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Hariprasath Nagarajan,

JKKN Dental College and Hospital, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drharithedentist@gmail.com

Abstract

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common complaint that may be caused by several conditions, which include side effects of a wide variety of drugs, such as antidepressants, therapeutic radiation to the head and neck, dehydration, diabetes, and diseases involving salivary glands, such as Sjogren’s syndrome. The complaint of dry mouth may or may not be associated with decreased salivary gland function. Individuals with xerostomia complain of problems with eating, speaking, swallowing, and wearing dentures. Some people also complain of salivary gland enlargement or changes in taste. Lack of saliva may predispose one to oral infections, such as candidiasis, and increase the risk of dental caries. Management of the individual patient with xerostomia includes assessment of salivary gland function, replacement therapy, and prevention of caries and oral candidiasis. Early recognition and management of xerostomia may prevent devastating dental disease and help to improve the quality of life.

Keywords: Dry mouth, etiology, xerostomia

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nagarajan H, Gunasekaran T. Xerostomia diagnosis and management. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:70-3.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 66 - 69

Recent Advances in Caries Prevention – A Review Article

V. Kalaivani, R. Ramiya

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. V. Kalaivani,

Department of Public Health and Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: kalai11venki@gmail.com

Abstract

Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease, and the early identification of risk factors and implementation of oral health preventive measures at a young age can reduce or even avoid this lesion progression. Some of the important changes that have taken place over the last few years that have influenced caries prevention are changes in disease level among different populations, increased understanding of caries pathogenesis process, material and operative technique development. We have a variety of new agents, which can be used to prevent dental caries, but the application of these agents in clinical trials is still limited in the developing countries. Moreover, dental caries is multifactorial and all preventive measures should be evaluated properly in human trials so that they can be introduced at the community level for the prevention of dental caries.

Keywords: Caries prevention, dental caries, new advances

Financial support and sponsorship

Self‐funded.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kalaivani V, Ramiya R. Recent advances in caries prevention – A review article. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:66-9.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 59 - 61

Fluoride Varnish − A Review

K. Mahalakshmi, Shilpa Ajai

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. K. Mahalakshmi,

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: shilpaajai1208@gmail.com

Abstract

The growing emphasis on prevention‐based dentistry has led to rapid development of newer and more innovative treatment modalities aimed at early disease prevention. In this context, fluoride varnishes are fast becoming an integral component of prevention‐based programs along with patient and parent education. Fluoride varnishes adhere to enamel, and calcium fluoride formed after application acts as a long‐term reservoir of fluoride. Four applications per year or three weekly applications once a year have been found to be effective. Application is fast and easy. No acute toxicity has been reported after using any fluoride varnish.

Keywords: Fluoride varnish, fluorides in dentistry, sodium fluoride

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Mahalakshmi K, Ajai S. Fluoride varnish − A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:59-61.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 56 - 58

Silver Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Dentistry − A Review

K. Mahalakshmi, Shilpa Ajai

Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. K. Mahalakshmi,

CRRI, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: mk38817@gmail.com

Abstract

Oral cavity is a gateway to the entire body and protection of this gateway is a major goal in dentistry. Plaque biofilm is a major cause of the majority of dental diseases and although various biomaterials have been applied for their cure, limitations pertaining to the material properties prevent achievement of desired outcomes. Nanoparticle applications have become useful tools for various dental applications in endodontics, periodontics, restorative dentistry, orthodontics and oral cancers . Of these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used in medicine and dentistry due to its antimicrobial properties. AgNPs have been incorporated into biomaterials in order to prevent or reduce biofilm formation. Due to greater surface to volume ratio and small particle size, they possess excellent antimicrobial action without affecting the mechanical properties of the material. This unique property of AgNPs makes these materials as fillers of choice in different biomaterials whereby they play a vital role in improving the properties. This review aims to discuss the influence of addition of AgNPs to various biomaterials used in different dental applications.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Mahalakshmi K, Ajai S. Silver nanoparticles and its applications in dentistry − A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:56-8.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 52 - 55

At Home and In-Office Bleaching Techniques – A Literature Review

Shilpa Ajai, K. Mahalakshmi1

Dental Practitioner, Modern Dentistry Dental Clinic, Chetpet, 1 Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Shilpa Ajai,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: shilpaajai1208@gmail.com

Abstract

Hydrogen and carbamide peroxides have been successfully used for many years; in the past century, the dental bleaching technique suffered several changes and almost 10 years before new millennium, the technique was finally recognized by the international agencies of regulation. It is important that dentists handle the peroxides with the essential knowledge because it is demonstrated that satisfactory final results of this technique depend on the correct diagnosis of stains, management of the substrates (enamel and dentin) and as well sensitivity. Dentists are exposed to several dental bleaching techniques, products, and brands, and in the last 2 decades, the devices for light activation of the peroxides have become an extensive catalog. Today, the technique is also suffering changes based on the effectiveness of the different light sources for peroxide activation and its relation to satisfactory final results of the technique. The purpose of this literature review is to explain the determinant factors that influence satisfactory final results of the techniques and provide a general overview, to achieve a treatment decision based on evidence.

Keywords: At home bleaching, bleaching, in‐office bleaching

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Ajai S, Mahalakshmi K. At home and in-office bleaching techniques – A literature review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:52-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 49- 51

Preventive Resin Restoration - A Narrative Review

Praveenkumar Kannan, K. G. Gokulkrishanan, Sushanthi S1

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal District, 1

Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Praveenkumar Kannan,

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal District, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prempraveen.1324@gmail.com

Abstract

Conventional restorative dentistry methods persist predominant in the treatment of carious, even incipient carious, lesions when deterrence or remineralization must be the treatment of choice. According to preventative extension, when the tooth is prepared, all pits and fissures are eliminated with a bur to comfort the placement of amalgam. Lacking to acknowledge the significance and advantage of conservation of as much tooth structure as possible is indefensible in light of the technique options that the acid‐etch procedure and the new resin materials offer the profession. The preventive resin restoration has several advantages. One of the important advantages is minimal tooth structure is removed compared with a conventional preparation, leaving a much stronger tooth. This is in contrast to the extension for prevention method by which elimination of better tooth structure to prevent repetitive decay at the same time weakens the tooth. As mentioned, the sealed restoration can eliminate recurrent caries.

Keywords: Fissures, fluorides, preventive, sealants

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kannan P, Gokulkrishanan KG, Sushanthi S. Preventive resin restoration - A narrative review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:49-51.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 46 -48

Evidence-Based Decision-Making – A Review

Praveenkumar Kannan, K. G. Gokulkrishanan, Sushanthi S1

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Nammakal, 1 Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Praveenkumar Kannan,

J.K.K. Nattaraja Dental College and Hospitals, Komarapalayam, Nammakal, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prempraveen.1324@gmail.com

Abstract

Evidence‐based decision‐making gained its popularity because of its unique strength which throws proofs and evidences in the limelight for improving practices. This concept evolved in relation to the necessity for increasing the health‐care quality, and also, it should have the acceptance of the changes done by the present‐day projects which helps in the utilization of bounded resources. Foremost decisions taken during objective care should be assisted by classical scientific evidence which can improve possibilities of victorious patient results. Evidence usually includes journals, articles, and publications which provide present‐day pertinent information based on search. It imparts us the plan of action for ameliorating the effectiveness of combining present evidences into receiver’s care more quickly which makes you to tackle an immense high quantity of information. It helps us in innovating new treatment plans and contributing treatment and counsel evidences which are practically defensible. In the era of technological advancements which can give us answers to scientific questions even within a minute in our hands, evidence‐based current research provides a best flexible method which will aid to find alternative treatment options, newer technologies/materials, and also clinical decisions too.

Keywords: Decision, dentistry, evidence, information

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Kannan P, Gokulkrishanan KG, Sushanthi S. Evidence-based decision-making – A review. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:46-8.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 41 - 45

Revised Curriculum of BDS with Optional Subjects: A Thought Process

Sandhya Tamgadge, Amisha Nayak, Avinash Tamgadge1, Vipin Vasudev S Pai2, Shirin Saini3

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology Dr. D. Y. Patil University, School of Dentistry, 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Padmashree Dr D Y Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 2 Department of Health and Hospital Management, New Delhi, India, 3 Department of Health and Dental Informatics, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sandhya Tamgadge,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dentistry D Y Patil University, Nerul, Sector 7, Navi Mumbai ‐ 400 706, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sandhya.tamgadge@gmail.com

Abstract

There is a lot of saturation of conventional career opportunities when it comes to practicing in dental sciences. As a result, there is remarked observance of unemployment, drastic shifts in the careers which are seldom related to bachelor studies. This can often lead to a lack of job satisfaction and complete arrest of the conventional clinical practice. In such scenarios, it is necessary to seek for the alternative applied career options where the students as well as established dentists work and manifest expertise in such different career spectrums. In addition to the conventional subjects in masters of dental surgery, these courses might help the students who cannot afford the fees required for the masters. Exposure to the new fields can lead to better demand for jobs and the experience adds on to the expertise, better patient compliance, and development of better interpersonal and interdisciplinary clinical practice.

Keywords: Alternative career, BDS, customized curriculum, dental care, future scope, job opportunities, saturation

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Tamgadge S, Nayak A, Tamgadge A, Pai VV, Saini S. Revised curriculum of BDS with optional subjects: A thought process. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:41-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 36 - 40

Green Tobacco Sickness among Tobacco Harvesters: A Review of the Literature

B. Kumar Raja, Vaishnavi Prashanth, Kavitha Devi1

Departments of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Director, K and K Multi Speciality Dental Clinic, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. B. Kumar Raja,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: drkumararaja87@gmail.com

Abstract

Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is an occupational illness that affects tobacco harvesters. It is a type of acute nicotine intoxication caused by nicotine absorption through the epidermis of a moist green tobacco plant. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the existing literature on the green tobacco sickness and its health impacts on tobacco harvesters. A standard literature search was performed using multiple electronic databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Campbell systematic review Embase, Google Scholar and Scopus for studies published on green tobacco sickness from 2000 to 2020. A total of 11 studies with a total population of 6,253 were reviewed. The prevalence of green tobacco sickness among tobacco harvesters ranged from 6.6% to 56.9%. Exposure to Sunlight, use of pesticides, Stalk removal of tobacco leaves, gender of the farmer, smoking, skin rash, wearing a wet suit, process of curing tobacco leaves, and watering tobacco plants, task, topping, barning and working in wet clothing were some of the risk factors reported by authors. Green tobacco sickness was shown to be common in the study population, indicating that a significant regulatory effort is needed to address the potential dangers of GTS.

Keywords: Green tobacco sickness, health risk, nicotine, tobacco harvesters, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Raja BK, Prashanth V, Devi K. Green tobacco sickness among tobacco harvesters: A review of the literature. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:36-40.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 33 - 35

Tobacco Awareness among Hearing and Speech Disorders Using Indian Sign Language

Amisha Nayak, Sandhya Tamgadge

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil University, School of Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Sandhya Tamgadge,

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, D Y Patil University, School of Dentistry, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai ‐ 400 706, Maharashtra, India.

E‐mail: sandhya.tamgadge@gmail.com

Abstract

Tobacco consumption is prevalent in most of the countries of the world, including India, and its addiction has subsequently engulfed lengths of populations of all age groups. Many significant tobacco cessation and prevention programs are initiated on a regular basis with an aim of raising awareness and followed by the decline of tobacco use amongst mass populations. Such programs are well received by physically, mentally, and socially balanced masses. However, it becomes a challenge when people who are auditory and speech compromised, namely The deaf and mute are considered. Through the use of Indian Sign Language, tobacco cessation and public awareness can be elevated if learned by the medical professionals, especially dentists, which in due course will aid in the prevention of various diseases caused by tobacco including oral cancers. There is a need of an hour to reach this community through Indian Sign Language.

Keywords: Awareness, communication, deaf, dentistry, dumb, Indian Sign Language, patients, tobacco

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Nayak A, Tamgadge S. Tobacco awareness among hearing and speech disorders using Indian Sign Language. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:33-5.

Review Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Page : 29 - 32

A Review on Geriatric Oral Health: Nutritional Pattern and Dynamics

Priya Sharma, N. L. Gupta1 , Chetan Sharma2 , Richa Jaswal3

Distt Consultant, National Health Mission, Kangra(HP), National Health Mission, Shimla, 1 Department of Psychology, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 2 Research Scholar, TISS, Mumbai, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 3 Nursing Officer, PGIMER, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Priya Sharma,

Distt Consultant, Office of Chief Medical Officer, NHM, Kangra, Dharamshala, India.

E‐mail: drpriyasharma2022@gmail.com

Abstract

Health, a prized possession, has always been a target for generations to achieve. Its vital factor nutritionin every form is an expression of genetic heritage that influences the occurrence and severity of degenerative diseases associated with aging. Nutritional problems may result from changes associated with aging process, medical/psychiatric illness, or other medical conditions. The epidemiological literature on oral health in the elderly is varied across countries and regions, more so as a function of institutionalization. This article intends to present importance of the need to care for oral health, concise review of literature on hardships with repercussions in edentulous patients, and how specific nutrients interact with the body to contribute to an individual’s health. The past literature on oral health in elderly was extensively and comprehensibly perused, reviewed, and summarized in terms of descriptions on geriatrics nutrition and changes in diet associated with aging. The search for thorough original and review articles were mainly done from the sites such as Google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, etc., on geriatrics nutrition and terms such as genarian, nutrition assessment, edentulism, denture wearing, impact of nutrition, oral and general health, dental sores, and nutritional deficiencies. This review summarized pertinent articles that described the changes in diet associated with edentulism. Most studies suggested that edentulous individuals lack specific nutrients which bring them to risk of various health disorders. Recent research literature highlighted that dental prostheses supported by implants, significantly improve nutritional status in edentulous patients, provided the individual has sound health to undertake procedure for dental prosthesis. Elderly denture wearers are vulnerable to compromised nutritional health due to various factors. Timely and routine evaluation of nutritional status is important for any nutrition or dietary modification. Dietary counseling along with supportive supervision of the family regarding dental health is an integral part of treatment for denture wearers.

Keywords: Complete denture, edentulism, geriatrics, nutrition, nutritional analysis

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Sharma P, Gupta NL, Sharma C, Jaswal R. A review on geriatric oral health: Nutritional pattern and dynamics. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:29-32.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 24 - 28

Assessment of Dental Nutrition Knowledge among Dental Students in Chennai

Zoha Abdullah, Kowsalya Rathinavel, Kowsalya Senthilkumar, Keerthana Rajamani, Parvathy Premnath

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Zoha Abdullah,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpet ‐ 603 105, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: zoha_ab@yahoo.co.in

Abstract

Introduction:

Dentists need to have adequate knowledge regarding diet and nutrition and its effects on oral health. Students should be trained to implement the dental nutrition knowledge, so they provide holistic care for their patients. Yet, not many studies were found to have been conducted among dental students for the assessment of their knowledge regarding diet and nutrition.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of nutrition among undergraduate dental students and also the association between the knowledge of nutrition based on the year of study.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire consisting 15 questions related to knowledge and attitude toward dental nutrition was distributed to 175 dental undergraduate dental students via online social platform. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software.Responses were analyzed using Chi‐square test based on three groups(3rd‐year students, final‐year students, and interns).

Results:

About 49.7% of students were aware that Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, and iron deficiency anemia manifest as oral symptoms, and majority of these respondents were interns (P > 0.005). More number of the participants studying in the 3rd‐ and final‐year students (74.2% and 70.4%, respectively) agreed that bulimia and anorexia affect nutritional status and oral health of an individual (P > 0.01). About 20.5% of interns felt that nutrition was not given enough importance during dental education.

Conclusion:

For most responses, there was no significant difference in the dental nutrition knowledge between the 3rd‐year students, final‐year students, and interns. However, there is a need to reinforce the education of nutritional counseling to bring about prevention of oral diseases.

Keywords: Dental students, diet counseling, knowledge, nutrition

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Abdullah Z, Rathinavel K, Senthilkumar K, Rajamani K, Premnath P. Assessment of dental nutrition knowledge among

dental students in Chennai. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:24-8.

Original Article

Year : 2021 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 1 | Page : 20-23

Usage of Mobile Technologies by Undergraduate Dental Students

Prabhu Subramani, Suganthi Rajaram, G. Suganya Kumari, K. Sureshkumar

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India

Address for correspondence:

Dr. Prabhu Subramani,

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India.

E‐mail: prabhu.dent@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:

The increased usage of mobile technology has provided a previously unrealized ability to move information around quickly and efficiently in a readily available format.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to evaluate the usage of mobile technologies by undergraduate dental students.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire was made and distributed to undergraduate dental students from 1st year to interns, and the responses were collected at Asan Memorial Dental College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu.

Results:

92.8% of the total undergraduate dental students opted smartphones as thin first choice to access the internet. 57.6% of the students used the internet most often for both dental course and personal reasons. 90.4% of the preclinical students used smartphones to connect the internet, and 80.4% of the clinical students used smartphones to access the internet more frequently.

Conclusion:

Dental students use smart phones with various learning apps to enhance their learning online.

Keywords: Dental school, smartphones, technology, undergraduates

Financial support and sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of interest.

How to cite this article:

Subramani P, Rajaram S, Kumari GS, Sureshkumar K. Usage of mobile technologies by undergraduate dental students. Int J Community Dent 2021;9:20-3.